Maternal diarrhea and antibiotic use are associated with increased risk of diarrhea among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya
Date
2020Journal
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygienePublisher
American Society of Tropical Medicine and HygieneType
Article
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HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children are a growing population at particularly high risk of infection-related death in whom preventing diarrhea may significantly reduce under-5 morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A historic cohort (1999-2002) of Kenyan HEU infants followed from birth to 12 months was used. Maternal and infant morbidity were ascertained at monthly clinic visits and unscheduled sick visits. The Andersen-Gill Cox model was used to assess maternal, environmental, and infant correlates of diarrhea, moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD; diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, or related hospital admission), and prolonged/persistent diarrhea (> 7 days) in infants. HIV-exposed, uninfected infants (n = 373) experienced a mean 2.09 (95% CI: 1.93, 2.25) episodes of diarrhea, 0.47 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.55) episodes of MSD, and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.42) episodes of prolonged/persistent diarrhea in their first year. Postpartum maternal diarrhea was associated with increased risk of infant diarrhea (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.43, 3.06) and MSD (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.10, 7.59). Maternal antibiotic use was a risk factor for prolonged/persistent diarrhea (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.55). Infants living in households with a pit latrine were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.74) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.14) times more likely to experience diarrhea and MSD, respectively, relative to those with a flush toilet. Current exclusive breastfeeding was protective against MSD (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.58) relative to infants receiving no breast milk. Reductions in maternal diarrhea may result in substantial reductions in diarrhea morbidity among HEU children, in addition to standard diarrhea prevention interventions.Sponsors
This work was supported by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and the Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers R01 HD-23412, 1F31 HD-089507 to ELD). ELD reports funding from Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health T32 Vaccinology fellowship T32AI007524.Identifier to cite or link to this item
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085295973&doi=10.4269%2fAJTMH.19-0705&partnerID=40&md5=66f0aecd2e7b325d50d7e3f81b509b24; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/12999ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.4269/AJTMH.19-0705
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