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    Down-regulation of miR-23a-3p mediates irradiation-induced neuronal apoptosis

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    Author
    Sabirzhanov, B.
    Makarevich, O.
    Barrett, J.
    Jackson, I.L.
    Faden, A.I.
    Stoica, B.A.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103695
    Abstract
    Radiation-induced central nervous system toxicity is a significant risk factor for patients receiving cancer radiotherapy. Surprisingly, the mechanisms responsible for the DNA damage-triggered neuronal cell death following irradiation have yet to be deciphered. Using primary cortical neuronal cultures in vitro, we demonstrated that X-ray exposure induces the mitochondrial pathway of intrinsic apoptosis and that miR-23a-3p plays a significant role in the regulation of this process. Primary cortical neurons exposed to irradiation show the activation of DNA-damage response pathways, including the sequential phosphorylation of ATM kinase, histone H2AX, and p53. This is followed by the p53-dependent up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family molecules, including the BH3-only molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bim, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c, which activates caspase-dependent apoptosis. miR-23a-3p, a negative regulator of specific pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules, is rapidly decreased after neuronal irradiation. By increasing the degradation of PUMA and Noxa mRNAs in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the administration of the miR-23a-3p mimic inhibits the irradiation-induced up-regulation of Noxa and Puma. These changes result in an attenuation of apoptotic processes such as MOMP, the release of cytochrome c and caspases activation, and a reduction in neuronal cell death. The neuroprotective effects of miR-23a-3p administration may not only involve the direct inhibition of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 molecules downstream of p53 but also include the attenuation of secondary DNA damage upstream of p53. Importantly, we demonstrated that brain irradiation in vivo results in the down-regulation of miR-23a-3p and the elevation of pro-apoptotic Bcl2-family molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bax, not only broadly in the cortex and hippocampus, except for Bax, which was up-regulated only in the hippocampus but also selectively in isolated neuronal populations from the irradiated brain. Overall, our data suggest that miR-23a-3p down-regulation contributes to irradiation-induced intrinsic pathways of neuronal apoptosis. These regulated pathways of neurodegeneration may be the target of effective neuroprotective strategies using miR-23a-3p mimics to block their development and increase neuronal survival after irradiation. Copyright 2020 by the authors.
    Sponsors
    This work was supported by Merit Review Award # 1I01 RX001993 from the United States (U.S.) Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service as well as National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 NS091191, R01 NS096002.
    Keyword
    Bim
    MicroRNA (miR)
    MOMP
    Neuronal apoptosis
    Noxa
    Puma
    Radiation
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085398253&doi=10.3390%2fijms21103695&partnerID=40&md5=2ec41806f0bbdbb635e6bdc6345235c4; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/12989
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/ijms21103695
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