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    Targeting N-glycan cryptic sugar moieties for broad-spectrum virus neutralization: Progress in identifying conserved molecular targets in viruses of distinct phylogenetic origins

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    Author
    Wang, D.
    Tang, J.
    Wang, L.-X.
    Date
    2015
    Journal
    Molecules
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20034610
    Abstract
    Identifying molecular targets for eliciting broadly virus-neutralizing antibodies is one of the key steps toward development of vaccines against emerging viral pathogens. Owing to genomic and somatic diversities among viral species, identifying protein targets for broad-spectrum virus neutralization is highly challenging even for the same virus, such as HIV-1. However, viruses rely on host glycosylation machineries to synthesize and express glycans and, thereby, may display common carbohydrate moieties. Thus, exploring glycan-binding profiles of broad-spectrum virus-neutralizing agents may provide key information to uncover the carbohydrate-based virus-neutralizing epitopes. In this study, we characterized two broadly HIV-neutralizing agents, human monoclonal antibody 2G12 and Galanthus nivalis lectin (GNA), for their viral targeting activities. Although these agents were known to be specific for oligomannosyl antigens, they differ strikingly in virus-binding activities. The former is HIV-1 specific; the latter is broadly reactive and is able to neutralize viruses of distinct phylogenetic origins, such as HIV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In carbohydrate microarray analyses, we explored the molecular basis underlying the striking differences in the spectrum of anti-virus activities of the two probes. Unlike 2G12, which is strictly specific for the high-density Man<inf>9</inf>GlcNAc<inf>2</inf>Asn (Man9)-clusters, GNA recognizes a number of N-glycan cryptic sugar moieties. These include not only the known oligomannosyl antigens but also previously unrecognized tri-antennary or multi-valent GlcNAc-terminating N-glycan epitopes (Tri/m-Gn). These findings highlight the potential of N-glycan cryptic sugar moieties as conserved targets for broad-spectrum virus neutralization and suggest the GNA-model of glycan-binding warrants focused investigation. Copyright 2015 by the authors.
    Sponsors
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 81270665; National Institutes of Health, NIH: R56AI108388
    Keyword
    2G12
    AGOR
    ASOR
    Carbohydrate microarrays
    GNA
    HCMV
    HIV-1
    Oligomannoses
    SARS-CoV
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928610763&doi=10.3390%2fmolecules20034610&partnerID=40&md5=97eef9985af87285f58be208236b88c2; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/12406
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/molecules20034610
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    UMB Coronavirus Publications

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