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    Molecular mechanisms of probiotic prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea

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    Author
    Mekonnen, S.A.
    Merenstein, D.
    Fraser, C.M.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    Current Opinion in Biotechnology
    Publisher
    Elsevier Ltd
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.005
    Abstract
    Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common and unintended adverse effect of antibiotic treatment. It is characterized by the disruption of the gut microbiota, decreased intestinal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, accumulation of luminal carbohydrates and colonic bile acids, altered water absorption, and ultimately diarrhea. Probiotics were shown to prevent AAD in numerous clinical trials. This review examines what is currently known about how probiotics reduce the risk for AAD via modulating the gut microbiota, altering nutrient and bile acid metabolism, inducing epithelial solute transporter activity, supporting intestinal barrier function, and influencing the immune system. Although probiotics are frequently prescribed with antibiotic use, mechanistic evidence verifying how they confer protection against AAD is extremely limited. This information is urgently needed for improving recommendations for sustaining probiotic development and for implementing probiotics in clinical settings.
    Sponsors
    This work was supported by awards from the National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Child and Human Development ( 1R01HD088428-01A1 ) and Office of Dietary Supplements ( 3R01HD088428-02S1 ).
    Keyword
    antibiotic associated diarrhea
    Diarrhea--prevention & control
    Probiotics
    Gastrointestinal Microbiome
    Bile Acids and Salts
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079557092&doi=10.1016%2fj.copbio.2020.01.005&partnerID=40&md5=b5b85ec757d93ddc68523f1bef7abcd7; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/12131
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.005
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