Real-time visualization of titin dynamics reveals extensive reversible photobleaching in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Date
2020Journal
American journal of physiology. Cell physiologyPublisher
American Physiological SocietyType
Article
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Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) has been useful in delineating cardiac myofilament biology, and innovations in fluorophore chemistry have expanded the array of microscopic assays used. However, one assumption in FRAP is the irreversible photobleaching of fluorescent proteins after laser excitation. Here we demonstrate reversible photobleaching regarding the photoconvertible fluorescent protein mEos3.2. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to knock-in mEos3.2 into the COOH terminus of titin to visualize sarcomeric titin incorporation and turnover. Upon cardiac induction, the titin-mEos3.2 fusion protein is expressed and integrated in the sarcomeres of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). STORM imaging shows M-band clustered regions of bound titin-mEos3.2 with few soluble titin-mEos3.2 molecules. FRAP revealed a baseline titin-mEos3.2 fluorescence recovery of 68% and half-life of ~1.2 h, suggesting a rapid exchange of sarcomeric titin with soluble titin. However, paraformaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized titin-mEos3.2 hiPSC-CMs surprisingly revealed a 55% fluorescence recovery. Whole cell FRAP analysis in paraformaldehyde-fixed, cycloheximide-treated, and untreated titin-mEos3.2 hiPSC-CMs displayed no significant differences in fluorescence recovery. FRAP in fixed HEK 293T expressing cytosolic mEos3.2 demonstrates a 58% fluorescence recovery. These data suggest that titin-mEos3.2 is subject to reversible photobleaching following FRAP. Using a mouse titin-eGFP model, we demonstrate that no reversible photobleaching occurs. Our results reveal that reversible photobleaching accounts for the majority of titin recovery in the titin-mEos3.2 hiPSC-CM model and should warrant as a caution in the extrapolation of reliable FRAP data from specific fluorescent proteins in long-term cell imaging.Sponsors
This study was funded in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R01-HL-095813 and Vanderbilt University Stahlman; NIH Grants 5R01-HL-104040, 5R01-HL-095813, R01-HL-135129-A1, and P50-GM-115305 (to C. C. Hong); NIH Grant R01-HL-133286; and Graduate Research Assistant Supplement R01-HL-095813-S1 and Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Award UL1TR000445.Identifier to cite or link to this item
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077669745&doi=10.1152%2fajpcell.00107.2019&partnerID=40&md5=da0ef520a7500a08c55edb35cb1cf71e; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/11687ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1152/ajpcell.00107.2019
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