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    The behavior of ions in water is controlled by their water affinity

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    Author
    Collins, K.D.
    Date
    2019
    Journal
    Quarterly reviews of biophysics
    Publisher
    Cambridge University Press
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583519000106
    Abstract
    The strong, long-range electrostatic forces described by Coulomb’s law disappear for ions in water, and the behavior of these ions is instead controlled by their water affinity – a weak, short-range force which arises from their charge density. This was established experimentally in the mid-1980s by size-exclusion chromatography on carefully calibrated Sephadex® G-10 (which measures the effective volume and thus the water affinity of an ion) and by neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (which measures the density and orientation of water molecules near the diffracting ion and thus its water affinity). These conclusions have been confirmed more recently by molecular dynamics simulations, which explicitly model each individual water molecule. This surprising change in force regime occurs because the oppositely charged ions in aqueous salt solutions exist functionally as ion pairs (separated by 0, 1 or 2 water molecules) as has now been shown by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy; this cancels out the strong long-range electrostatic forces and allows the weak, short-range water affinity effects to come to the fore. This microscopic structure of aqueous salt solutions is not captured by models utilizing a macroscopic dielectric constant. Additionally, the Law of Matching Water Affinity, first described in 1997 and 2004, establishes that contact ion pair formation is controlled by water affinity and is a major determinant of the solubility of charged species since only a net neutral species can change phases.
    Keyword
    Ions
    Law of Matching Water Affinity
    proteins
    water
    water affinity
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075115564&doi=10.1017%2fS0033583519000106&partnerID=40&md5=1210a5ac72c2eab41e0b0792e9098206; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/11467
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/S0033583519000106
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