ADHD Coaching Communication Modalities: An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study

Abstract

Background. Telephone is the most frequently used communication modality for coaching sessions in the U.S.; a combination of in-person and telephone coaching is also common. Coaching in person or by telephone, videoconference, or a combination of methods demonstrates positive outcomes. Studies comparing outcomes of coaching inperson with telephone or videoconference suggest varied results. To date, no study has specifically examined communication modalities in coaching for individuals having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Purpose. This mixed methods exploratory study: • Reviews extant literature on ADHD coaching outcomes to identify coaching modalities used • Surveys ADHD coaches to explore (a) the frequency of use and perceived efficacy of varied modalities and (b) coaches' views of benefits and drawbacks of each