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    Zinc deficiency associated with anaemia among young children in rural Guatemala

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    Author
    Palacios, A.M.
    Hurley, K.M.
    Black, M.M.
    Date
    2019
    Journal
    Maternal and Child Nutrition
    Publisher
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12885
    Abstract
    One in four children younger than age five in Guatemala experiences anaemia (haemoglobin <11.0 g/dl). This study characterized the factors and micronutrient deficiencies associated with anaemia in a baseline cross-sectional sample of 182 Guatemalan infants/toddlers and 207 preschoolers, using generalized linear mixed models. Associations between anaemia and maternal, child and household variables, and biomarkers (soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, zinc, folate, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein, and ?1-acid glycoprotein) were explored. Rates of anaemia were 56% among infants/toddlers and 12.1% among preschoolers. In children with anaemia, rates of iron deficiency (low ferritin based on inflammation status, and/or high soluble transferrin receptor, ?1.97 mg/L) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc <65 ?g/dl) were 81.1% and 53.7%, respectively. Folate deficiency (either plasma folate <3 ng/ml or erythrocyte folate <100 ng/ml) was 3.3%. Vitamin B12 deficiency (plasma vitamin B12 <148 pmol/L) was 7.5%. For infants and toddlers (<24 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower when higher number of adults lived in the household (OR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.53, 0.90]), and higher when children were zinc deficient (OR = 3.40; 95% CI [1.54, 7.47]). For preschoolers (36-60 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower for every additional month of age (OR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.81, 1.00]). Findings suggest that micronutrient deficiencies coexist in Guatemalan rural children, and zinc deficiency is associated with anaemia in children <24 months, highlighting the need of continued multidisciplinary interventions with multiple micronutrients. Further research examining how household composition, feeding practices, and accessibility to micronutrient supplements and to animal source foods is needed to incorporate strategies to improve the nutritional status of Guatemalan children. Copyright 2019 The Authors.
    Sponsors
    This study was funded by The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition and The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Sciences of the New York Academy of Sciences.
    Keyword
    anaemia
    hemoglobin
    international child health nutrition
    micronutrient deficiencies
    undernutrition
    zinc
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074039415&doi=10.1111%2fmcn.12885&partnerID=40&md5=6beaa57cc1c97d6bd1ef4dbbe220dc73; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/11379
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/mcn.12885
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2019

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