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    The grimace scale reliably assesses chronic pain in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain

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    Author
    Akintola, T.
    Raver, C.
    Studlack, P.
    Date
    2017
    Journal
    Neurobiology of Pain
    Publisher
    Elsevier B.V.
    Type
    Article
    
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    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.10.001
    Abstract
    The limited success in translating basic science findings into effective pain management therapies reflects, in part, the difficulty in reliably assessing pain in experimental animals. This shortcoming is particularly acute in the field of chronic, ongoing pain. Quantitative analysis of facial expressions - the grimace score - was introduced as a promising tool, however, it is thought to reliably assess only pain of short or medium duration (minutes to hours). Here, we test the hypothesis that grimace scores are a reliable metric of ongoing neuropathic pain, by testing the prediction that chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) will evoke significant increases in grimace scale scores. Mice and rats were subjected to CCI-ION, and tested for changes in mechanical hypersensitivity and in grimace scores, 10 or more days after surgery. Both rats and mice with CCI-ION had significantly higher grimace scores, and significantly lower thresholds for withdrawal from mechanical stimuli applied to the face, compared to sham-operated animals. Fentanyl reversed the changes in rat grimace scale scores, suggesting that these scores reflect pain perception. These findings validate the grimace scale as a reliable and sensitive metric for the assessment of ongoing pain in a rodent model of chronic, trigeminal neuropathic pain. Copyright 2017 The Authors
    Keyword
    Behavior
    Chronic pain
    Constriction nerve injury
    Pain metrics
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045776128&doi=10.1016%2fj.ynpai.2017.10.001&partnerID=40&md5=257384b625ea8f37fbcc3f0e485eb264; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/11354
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.10.001
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2017

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