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    Care Continuum and Postdischarge Outcomes among HIV-Infected Adults Admitted to the Hospital in Zambia

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    Author
    Haachambwa, L.
    Kandiwo, N.
    Zulu, P.M.
    Date
    2019
    Journal
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases
    Publisher
    Oxford Academic
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz336
    Abstract
    Background: We characterized the extent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience and postdischarge mortality among hospitalized HIV-infected adults in Zambia. Methods: At a central hospital with an opt-out HIV testing program, we enrolled HIV-infected adults (18+ years) admitted to internal medicine using a population-based sampling frame. Critically ill patients were excluded. Participants underwent a questionnaire regarding their HIV care history and CD4 count and viral load (VL) testing. We followed participants to 3 months after discharge. We analyzed prior awareness of HIV-positive status, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and VL suppression (VS; <1000 copies/mL). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed risk factors for mortality. Results: Among 1283 adults, HIV status was available for 1132 (88.2%), and 762 (67.3%) were HIV-positive. In the 239 who enrolled, the median age was 36 years, 59.7% were women, and the median CD4 count was 183 cells/mm3. Active tuberculosis or Cryptococcus coinfection was diagnosed in 82 (34.3%); 93.3% reported prior awareness of HIV status, and 86.2% had ever started ART. In the 64.0% with >6 months on ART, 74.4% had VS. The majority (92.5%) were discharged, and by 3 months, 48 (21.7%) had died. Risk of postdischarge mortality increased with decreasing CD4, and there was a trend toward reduced risk in those treated for active tuberculosis. Conclusions: Most HIV-related hospitalizations and deaths may now occur among ART-experienced vs-naïve individuals in Zambia. Development and evaluation of inpatient interventions are needed to mitigate the high risk of death in the postdischarge period. Copyright 2019 The Author(s) 2019.
    Sponsors
    This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease at the US National Institutes of Health through the University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for AIDS Research (P30AI027767 to J.M.T., M.J.M., and M.J.V.). M.J.V. also received support from the Fogarty International Center (K01TW009998).
    Keyword
    Africa
    care continuum
    health systems
    HIV infection
    hospitalization
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073565294&doi=10.1093%2fofid%2fofz336&partnerID=40&md5=6cb71747ffc647e912215671ad22bd14; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/11239
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/ofid/ofz336
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