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    Tick humoral responses: Marching to the beat of a different drummer

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    Author
    Chávez, A.S.O.
    Shaw, D.K.
    Munderloh, U.G.
    Date
    2017
    Journal
    Frontiers in Microbiology
    Publisher
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00223
    Abstract
    Ticks transmit a variety of human pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. Multiple pathogens that are transmitted simultaneously, termed "coinfections," are of increasing importance and can affect disease outcome in a host. Arthropod immunity is central to pathogen acquisition and transmission by the tick. Pattern recognition receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and induce humoral responses through the Toll and Immune Deficiency (IMD) pathways. Comparative analyses between insects and ticks reveal that while the Toll pathway is conserved, the IMD network exhibits a high degree of variability. This indicates that major differences in humoral immunity exist between insects and ticks. While many variables can affect immunity, one of the major forces that shape immune outcomes is the microbiota. In light of this, we discuss how the presence of commensal bacteria, symbionts and/or coinfections can lead to altered immune responses in the tick that impact pathogen persistence and subsequent transmission. By investigating non-insect arthropod immunity, we will not only better comprehend tick biology, but also unravel the intricate effects that pathogen coinfections have on vector competence and tick-borne disease transmission. Copyright 2017 Oliva Chávez, Shaw, Munderloh and Pedra.
    Keyword
    Humoral immunity
    Lyme disease
    Tick-borne diseases
    Ticks
    Vector
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014432156&doi=10.3389%2ffmicb.2017.00223&partnerID=40&md5=16851837ace63d57c1d7d69fe8361f3a; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/11115
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3389/fmicb.2017.00223
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2017

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