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    The Association Between the Developing Nasal Microbiota of Hospitalized Neonates and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization

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    Author
    Khamash, D.F.
    Mongodin, E.F.
    White, J.R.
    Date
    2019
    Journal
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases
    Publisher
    Oxford University Press
    Type
    Article
    
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    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz062
    Abstract
    Background Hospitalized neonates are at high risk for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections. S. aureus nasal colonization often precedes infection. The nasal microbiota may preclude or support colonization. We aimed to characterize and compare the nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates who acquire S. aureus colonization (cases) and those who do not acquire S. aureus (controls). Methods We obtained residual nares samples from hospitalized neonates who were screened weekly for S. aureus nasal colonization and treated with intranasal mupirocin if colonized. Eight cases were matched based on chronologic age and systemic antibiotic exposure to 7 controls. We extracted DNA, sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene, and performed taxonomic assignments. The bacterial species richness, relative abundance, and in silico predicted gene content were compared between cases and controls at 7 days before S. aureus acquisition, at the time of acquisition, and 7 days after acquisition and treatment. Results Common commensals including nondiphtheriae corynebacteria were more abundant in the nares of controls and Rothia mucilaginosa was more abundant in cases 7 days after intranasal mupirocin treatment than in cases 7 days before S. aureus acquisition. Controls and treated cases had a higher predicted abundance of genes contributing to the synthesis of certain antimicrobial compounds than in cases before S. aureus acquisition. Conclusions Neonates without S. aureus nasal colonization had a higher abundance of bacterial species that antagonize S. aureus directly or by selecting for beneficial co-colonizers. These differences may inform novel S. aureus infection prevention strategies in high-risk infants. Copyright The Author(s) 2019.
    Sponsors
    Financial support. This work was supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01 HS022872) and the National Institutes of Health (R21 AI135179).
    Keyword
    microbiome
    nasal cavity/microbiology
    sequence analysis
    staphylococcal infections
    Staphylococcus aureus
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064136188&doi=10.1093%2fofid%2fofz062&partnerID=40&md5=744253c163215308ef8c6b717e31ef7f; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/10777
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/ofid/ofz062
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