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    Patients Selection for Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Overcome the Naïve Vision of a Single Biomarker

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    Author
    Signorelli, D.
    Giannatempo, P.
    Grazia, G.
    Date
    2019
    Journal
    BioMed Research International
    Publisher
    Hindawi Limited
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9056417
    Abstract
    Immunotherapy, and in particular immune-checkpoints blockade therapy (ICB), represents a new pillar in cancer therapy. Antibodies targeting Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Death 1 (PD-1)/Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) demonstrated a relevant clinical value in a large number of solid tumors, leading to an improvement of progression free survival and overall survival in comparison to standard chemotherapy. However, across different solid malignancies, the immune-checkpoints inhibitors efficacy is limited to a relative small number of patients and, for this reason, the identification of positive or negative predictive biomarkers represents an urgent need. Despite the expression of PD-L1 was largely investigated in various malignancies, (i.e., melanoma, head and neck malignancies, urothelial and renal carcinoma, metastatic colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer) as a biomarker for ICB treatment-patients selection, it showed an important, but still imperfect, role as positive predictor of response only in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly, other tumor and/or microenvironments related characteristics are currently under clinical evaluation, in combination or in substitution of PD-L1 expression. In particular, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, gene expression analysis, mismatch- repair deficiency, and tumor mutational landscape may play a central role in predicting clinical benefits of CTLA-4 and/or PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the clinical evaluation of emerging biomarkers and how these may improve the naïve vision of a single- feature patients-based selection. Copyright 2019 Diego Signorelli et al.
    Keyword
    immune-checkpoints blockade therapy
    Biomarkers, Tumor
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065577027&doi=10.1155%2f2019%2f9056417&partnerID=40&md5=559a4ef4a98f6284035df8a41616dbb6; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/10711
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1155/2019/9056417
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