Date
2019Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaPublisher
National Academy of SciencesType
Article
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Natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) ensure the control of self-tolerance and are currently used in clinical trials to alleviate autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transfer. Based on CD39/CD26 markers, blood nTreg analysis revealed the presence of five different cell subsets, each representing a distinct stage of maturation. Ex vivo added microenvironmental factors, including IL-2, TGF?, and PGE2, direct the conversion from naive precursor to immature memory and finally from immature to mature memory cells, the latest being a no-return stage. Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the subsets illustrate the structural parental maturation between subsets, which further correlates with the expression of regulatory factors. Regarding nTreg functional plasticity, both maturation stage and microenvironmental cytokines condition nTreg activities, which include blockade of autoreactive immune cells by cell-cell contact, Th17 and IL-10 Tr1-like activities, or activation of TCR-stimulating dendritic cell tolerization. Importantly, blood nTreg CD39/CD26 profile remained constant over a 2-y period in healthy persons but varied from person to person. Preliminary data on patients with autoimmune diseases or acute myelogenous leukemia illustrate the potential use of the nTreg CD39/ CD26 profile as a blood biomarker to monitor chronic inflammatory diseases. Finally, we confirmed that naive conventional CD4 T cells, TCR-stimulated under a tolerogenic conditioned medium, could be ex vivo reprogrammed to FOXP3 lineage Tregs, and further found that these cells were exclusively committed to suppressive function under all microenvironmental contexts.Keyword
Adenosine deaminase-binding CD26CD39 regulatory receptor
FOXP3 regulatory transcript
Microenvironmental cytokines
nTregs
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https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063960758&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.1812471116&partnerID=40&md5=b7b870f9929efa6a78292693470e6411; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/10688ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1073/pnas.1812471116
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