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    Electrophysiological evidence for hyperfocusing of spatial attention in schizophrenia

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    Author
    Kreither, J.
    Lopez-Calderon, J.
    Leonard, C.J.
    Date
    2017
    Journal
    Journal of Neuroscience
    Publisher
    Society for Neuroscience
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
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    See at
    https://www.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3221-16.2017
    Abstract
    A recently proposed hyperfocusing hypothesis of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia proposes that people with schizophrenia (PSZ) tend to concentrate processing resources more narrowly but more intensely than healthy control subjects (HCS). The present study tests a key prediction of this hypothesis, namely, that PSZ will hyperfocus on information presented at the center of gaze. This should lead to greater filtering of peripheral stimuli when the task requires focusing centrally but reduced filtering of central stimuli when the task requires attending broadly in the periphery. These predictions were tested in a double oddball paradigm, in which frequent standard stimuli and rare oddball stimuli were presented at central and peripheral locations while event-related potentials were recorded. Participants were instructed to discriminate between the standard and oddball stimuli at either the central location or at the peripheral locations. PSZ and HCS showed opposite patterns of spatial bias at the level of early sensory processing, as assessed with the P1 component: PSZ exhibited stronger sensory suppression of peripheral stimuli when the task required attending narrowly to the central location, whereas HCS exhibited stronger sensory suppression of central stimuli when the task required attending broadly to the peripheral locations. Moreover, PSZ exhibited a stronger stimulus categorization response than HCS, as assessed with the P3b component, for central stimuli when the task required attending to the peripheral region. These results provide strong evidence of hyperfocusing in PSZ, which may provide a unified mechanistic account of multiple aspects of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Copyright 2017 the authors.
    Sponsors
    This study was supported by NIH Grant R01 MH065034 (J.M.G., S.J.L.).
    Keyword
    Attention
    Event-related potential
    Hyperfocusing
    P300
    Schizophrenia
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019169602&doi=10.1523%2fJNEUROSCI.3221-16.2017&partnerID=40&md5=061db4d637ebf4629b57a0937d9f2270; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/10054
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3221-16.2017
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2017

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