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Lipiodol Deposition and Washout in Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors After Chemoembolization

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Nezami, Nariman
Mijnte van Breugel, Johanna Maria
Konstantindis, Menelaos
Chapiro, Julius
Savic, Lynn Jeanette
Miszczuk, Milena Anna
Rexha, Irvin
Lin, Mingde
Hong, Kelvin
Georgiades, Christos
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2021-09-06
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Background/Aim: Lipiodol is the key component of conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization. Our aim was to evaluate lipiodol deposition and washout rate after conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatic metastases originating from neuroendocrine tumors and colorectal carcinoma. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 44 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors or colorectal carcinoma who underwent conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization. Lipiodol volume (cm3) was analyzed on non-contrast computed tomography imaging obtained within 24 h post conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization, and 40-220 days after conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization using volumetric image analysis software. Tumor response was assessed on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1 month after conventional trans-arterial chemoembolization. Results: The washout rate was longer for neuroendocrine tumors compared to colorectal carcinoma, with half-lives of 54.61 days (p<0.00001) and 19.39 days (p<0.001), respectively, with no exponential washout among intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (p=0.83). The half-life for lipiodol washout was longer in tumors larger than 300 cm3 compared to smaller tumors (25.43 vs. 22.71 days). Lipiodol wash out half-life was 54.76 days (p<0.01) and 29.45 days (p<0.00001) for tumors with a contrast enhancement burden of 60% or more and less than 60%, respectively. A negative exponential relationship for lipiodol washout was observed in nonresponders (p<0.00001). Conclusion: Lipiodol washout is a time-dependent process, and occurs faster in colorectal carcinoma tumors, tumors smaller than 300 cm3, tumors with baseline contrast enhancement burden of less than 60%, and non-responding target lesions.

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The article processing charges (APC) for this open access article were partially funded by the Health Sciences and Human Services Library's Open Access Publishing Fund for Early-Career Researchers.
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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