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The UMB Digital Archive is a service of the Health Sciences and Human Services Library (HS/HSL) that collects, preserves, and distributes the academic works of the University of Maryland, Baltimore. It is a place that digitally captures the historical record of the campus.
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An integrated electrochemical microsystem for real-time treatment monitoring of clozapine in microliter volume samples from schizophrenia patientsThis work presents the development of an electrochemical microsystem for antipsychotic clozapine treatment monitoring in schizophrenia patients. In our previous work, we demonstrated clozapine detection directly in spiked whole blood samples of a healthy volunteer using a chitosan–carbon nanotube-modified microelectrode with external counter and reference electrodes. Here we present the miniaturization of our previous clozapine sensing approach and its clinical validation in real samples obtained from 10 schizophrenia patients. We observed a sensitivity of 0.02 ± 2.3 × 10-4 mA/cm2µM and 0.003 ± 2.6 × 10-4 mA/cm2µM and a limit of detection of 0.08 ± 9.2 × 10-4 µM and 0.45 ± 0.04 µM using chitosan–carbon nanotube-modified microelectrodes in a 20 µL volume of spiked capillary plasma and capillary whole blood. Following a calibration curve, which was obtained from spiked samples of patients prior to clozapine therapy administration, clozapine capillary plasma and whole blood levels were recovered from patients’ samples after treatment with clozapine. The developed electrochemical microsystem allows clozapine analysis in a microliter volume of finger-pricked whole blood samples of schizophrenia patients without using any pretreatment steps. By further miniaturization and integration of this sensor into a point-of-care testing device, schizophrenia treatment management can be improved.
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Pre-existing Helicobacter pylori serum IgG enhances the vibriocidal antibody response to CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine in Malian adults.Accumulating evidence indicates that persistent Helicobacter pylori gastric infection influences immune responses to oral enteric vaccines. We studied the association between pre-existing H. pylori serum IgG and serum pepsinogens levels (PGs) as markers of gastric inflammation and the immune response to single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Malian adults. Baseline sera obtained during a phase 2 safety/immunogenicity clinical trial of cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR among 93 healthy Malian adults were tested for H. pylori IgG antibodies and PGI and PGII levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Overall 74/93 (80%) vaccine recipients were H. pylori IgG seropositive at baseline. Vibriocidal antibody seroconversion (≥ fourfold increase 14 days following administration of CVD 103-HgR compared to baseline) among vaccine recipients was 56%. However, vibriocidal antibody seroconversion was markedly higher among H. pylori seropositives than seronegatives 64% vs. 26% (p = 0.004); adjusted relative risk: 2.20 (95% confidence intervals 1.00–4.80; p = 0.049). Among H. pylori seropositive vaccine recipients, there were no significant associations between PGI, PGII and PGI:PGII levels and vibriocidal seroconversion. The enhanced seroconversion to oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR among H. pylori seropositive African adults provides further evidence of the immunomodulating impact of H. pylori on oral vaccine immunogenicity.
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Worldwide Guidelines for Mental Health in the WorkplaceMission: To create a global movement among professional and employer associations in the development and the alignment of collaborative international guidelines for Behavioral Health Services in the Workplace.
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Social capital and cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN): A retrospective longitudinal cohort study using the Health and Retirement Study data, 2006–2016Prescription drug spending and other financial factors (e.g., out-of-pocket costs) partially explain variation in cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN). Indicators of social capital such as neighborhood factors and social support may influence the health and well-being of older adults as they may rely on community resources and support from family and peers to manage conditions. Previous research on the relationship of social capital and CRN has limited evidence and contradictory findings. Hence, our objective is to assess the relationship of social capital indicators (neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood physical disorder, positive social support, and negative social support) and CRN using a longitudinal design, 2006 to 2016, in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States (US). The Health and Retirement Study is a prospective panel study of US adults aged ≥ 50 years evaluated every two years. Data was pooled to create three waves and fitted using Generalized Estimating Equation modelling adjusting for both baseline and timevarying covariates (age, sex, education, race, total household income, and perceived health status). The three waves consisted of 11,791, 12,336, and 9,491 participants. Higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion and positive social support were related with lower CRN (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.95 and OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84, p<0.01). In contrast, higher levels of neighborhood physical disorder and negative social support were related to higher CRN (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11 and OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.32-1.62, p<0.01). Interventions targeting social capital are needed, reinforcing positive social support and neighborhood social cohesion and diminishing neighborhood physical disorder and negative social support for older adults.
